However, some children are still exposed to lead in drinking water. The majority of public water utilities are in compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) of 1991. Adequate corrosion control reduces the leaching of lead plumbing components or solder into drinking water. These homes might contain lead paint hazards, as well as drinking water service lines made from lead, lead solder, or plumbing materials that contain lead. However, children are still being exposed to lead, and many of these children live in housing built before the 1978 ban on lead-based residential paint. Beginning in the 1970s, lead concentrations in air, tap water, food, dust, and soil began to be substantially reduced, resulting in significantly reduced blood lead levels (BLLs) in children throughout the United States. Because lead accumulates in the body, all sources of lead should be controlled or eliminated to prevent childhood lead poisoning. The concentration of lead, total amount of lead consumed, and duration of lead exposure influence the severity of health effects. Lead can be ingested from various sources, including lead paint and house dust contaminated by lead paint, as well as soil, drinking water, and food. The adverse health effects of lead exposure in children and adults are well documented, and no safe blood lead threshold in children has been identified. Lead is a pervasive environmental contaminant. Telephone: 77 Fax: 77 E-mail: Introduction Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services, National Center for Environmental HealthĬorresponding author: Mary Jean Brown, ScD, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30084.
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